Venice Commission :: Council of Europe

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Members

Positions

Statements

Democratic institutions and fundamental rights

Constitutional reforms

Fundamental rights

Democratic institutions

Rule of law

Judicial reforms

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Elections, referendums and political parties

Council for Democratic Elections

Conferences of Electoral Management Bodies

Seminars and assistance

Political parties

VOTA database

Council of Europe and elections

Constitutional justice

Regional co-operation

Constitutional Courts

CODICES

E-Bulletin

World Conference on Constitutional Justice

Non-European Partners

Southern Mediterranean

Central Asia

Kyrgyzstan – support to electoral reform

Central Asia Rule of Law Programme

List of events

Latin America

Main documents

Statute

Main reference documents

Compilations of studies and opinions

Studies

Afghanistan

Independent Commission for Overseeing the Implementation of Constitution of Afghanistan

http://icoic.gov.af/en/page/6373

African Union

African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

http://www.achpr.org/

African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

http://fr.african-court.org/

Albania

Constitutional Court

http://www.gjk.gov.al
(24/09/2011)

Algeria

Constitutional Court

http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.dz
(24/09/2011)

Andorra

Constitutional Court

http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ad
(03/04/2012)

Argentina

Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation

https://www.csjn.gov.ar/

Armenia

Constitutional Court

http://www.concourt.am/en/
(24/09/2011)

Australia

High Court

http://www.hcourt.gov.au/
(03/11/2015)

Austria

Constitutional Court

http://www.vfgh.gv.at
(24/09/2011)

Azerbaijan

Constitutional Court

http://www.constcourt.gov.az
(24/09/2011)

Bahamas

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.org.bs/

Bahrain

Constitutional Court

http://www.ccb.bh/ccb/
(04/02/2014)

Bangladesh

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/nweb/

Barbados

Supreme Court

http://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/

Belarus

Constitutional Court

http://www.kc.gov.by/en/main.aspx
(07/10/2011)

Belgium

Constitutional Court

http://www.const-court.be
(07/12/2011)

Belize

Supreme Court

http://www.belizelaw.org/web/supreme_court.html

Benin

Constitutional Court

http://www.cour-constitutionnelle-benin.org/
(04/10/2011) http://www.courconstitutionnelle.gouv.bj/institutions/cour-constitutionnelle
(A)

Bolivia

Constitutional Court

http://www.tcpbolivia.bo/tcp/

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Constitutional Court

https://www.ustavnisud.ba/
(15/01/2013)

Botswana

Supreme Court

http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/

Brazil

Supreme Federal Court

http://www.stf.gov.br/
(10/02/2012)

Bulgaria

Constitutional Court

http://www.constcourt.bg
(24/09/2011)

Burkina Faso

Constitutional Council

http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.gov.bf/
(24/09/2011)

Cambodia

Constitutional Council

http://www.ccc.gov.kh/index_en.php
(18/07/2014)

Cameroon

Supreme Court

http://www.coursupreme.cm/

Canada

Supreme Court

https://www.scc-csc.ca/home-accueil/index-eng.aspx
(24/11/2015) https://www.scc-csc.ca/home-accueil/index-fra.aspx
(C)

Caribbean Community

Caribbean Court of Justice

https://ccj.org/

Chile

Constitutional Court

http://www.tribunalconstitucional.cl
(24/09/2011)

Colombia

Constitutional Court

http://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co
(28/05/2014)

Congo, Democratic Republic (Kinshasa)

Constitutional Court

http://cour-constitutionnelle.cd/
(22/11/2011)

Congo-Brazzaville

Constitutional Court

http://cour-constitutionnelle.cg/
(24/09/2011)

Costa Rica

Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court

https://salaconstitucional.poder-judicial.go.cr/index.php
(08/04/2014)

Côte d'Ivoire

Constitutional Council

http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.ci/
(16/11/2011)

Council of Europe

European Court of Human Rights

http://www.echr.coe.int

Croatia

Constitutional Court

http://www.usud.hr
(22/11/2011)

Cyprus

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.gov.cy/judicial/sc.nsf/DMLindex_en/DMLindex_en?OpenDocument
(20/03/2013)

Czechia

Constitutional Court

http://www.usoud.cz
(14/01/2014)

Denmark

Supreme Court

http://www.domstol.dk
(24/09/2011)

Djibouti

Constitutional Council

http://www.presidence.dj/sousmenu.php?ID=33
(16/01/2017)

Dominican Republic

Constitutional Court

http://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/
(13/08/2013)

Ecuador

Constitutional Court

http://portal.corteconstitucional.gob.ec:8494/DemoCCE/Home5.html
(18/07/2013)

Egypt

Supreme Constitutional Court

http://www.sccourt.gov.eg/
(19/10/2011)

El Salvador

Supreme Court of Justice

http://www.csj.gob.sv/

Estonia

Supreme Court

https://www.riigikohus.ee/
(11/01/2012)

Eswatini

Supreme Court

http://www.swazilii.org/
(03/05/2017)

Ethiopia

Council for Constitutional Inquiry

https://www.cci.gov.et
(12/05/2017)

Fiji

High Court

http://www.judiciary.gov.fj/

Finland

Supreme Administrative Court

http://www.kho.fi
(21/06/2013)

Supreme Court

http://korkeinoikeus.fi/en/index.html
(30/11/2018)

France

Constitutional Council

http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr
(11/04/2013)

Gabon

Constitutional Court

http://www.cour-constitutionnelle.ga/
(08/03/2013)

Gambia

Supreme Court

http://judiciary.gov.gm/
(28/12/2022)

Georgia

Constitutional Court

http://www.constcourt.ge/en/
(24/09/2011)

Germany

Federal Constitutional Court

http://www.bverfg.de
(24/09/2011) http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de
(C)

Ghana

Supreme Court

http://www.presidency.gov.gh/judiciary
(10/04/2013)

Greece

Council of State

https://www.adjustice.gr

Grenada

Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court

http://www.eccourts.org/

Guatemala

Constitutional Court

http://www.cc.gob.gt/

Guinea

Constitutional court

https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.gn
(09/11/2016)

Honduras

Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice

http://www.poderjudicial.gob.hn/

Hungary

Constitutional Court

http://www.mkab.hu
(27/09/2011)

Iceland

Supreme Court

https://www.haestirettur.is/english/

India

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in
(02/07/2019)

Indonesia

Constitutional Court

http://www.mkri.id
(31/05/2013)

Iran

Constitutional Council

https://www.shora-gc.ir/en

Iraq

Federal Supreme Court

http://www.iraqja.iq/
(10/01/2023)

Ireland

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.ie
(08/09/2017)

Israel

Supreme Court

http://elyon1.court.gov.il/eng/home/index.html
(24/09/2011)

Italy

Constitutional Court

http://www.cortecostituzionale.it
(09/05/2012)

Jamaica

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.gov.jm/

Japan

Supreme Court

http://www.courts.go.jp/english

Jordan

Constitutional Court

http://www.cco.gov.jo/en-us/
(10/10/2013)

Kazakhstan

Constitutional Court

https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/ksrk?lang=en
(29/11/2013)

Kenya

Supreme Court

https://www.judiciary.go.ke/courts/supreme-court/
(08/08/2017)

Korea, Republic

Constitutional Court

https://english.ccourt.go.kr
(24/09/2011)

Kosovo

Constitutional Court

http://gjk-ks.org/en/
(17/09/2014)

Kyrgyzstan

Constitutional Court

https://constsot.kg
(19/01/2014)

Latvia

Constitutional Court

http://www.satv.tiesa.gov.lv/en/
(15/10/2011)

Lebanon

Constitutional Council

http://www.cc.gov.lb/fr/presentation-generale
(06/03/2012)

Lesotho

High Court

http://www.gov.ls/judiciary/high_court.php

Liechtenstein

Constitutional Court

https://www.stgh.li/en

Lithuania

Constitutional Court

http://www.lrkt.lt/en/
(24/09/2011)

Luxembourg

Constitutional Court

http://www.justice.public.lu/fr/organisation-justice/cour-constitutionnelle/index.html
(17/02/2017)

Madagascar

High Constitutional Court

http://www.hcc.gov.mg/
(03/07/2012)

Malawi

Supreme Court

http://www.malawilii.org/content/supreme-court
(10/02/2023)

Malaysia

Federal Court

http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/
(05/05/2017)

Maldives

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.gov.mv/eng/?decision=eng

Mali

Constitutional Court

http://www.courconstitutionnelle.ml/
(19/11/2011)

Malta

The Law Courts

http://judiciarymalta.gov.mt/constitutional-court

Mauritius

Supreme Court

http://supremecourt.intnet.mu/Entry/Index.Asp?Srv=CARD
(24/09/2011) http://www1.gov.mu/scourt/home/welcome.do
(B)

Mexico

Federal Electoral Court of Mexico

http://www.trife.gob.mx/
(11/04/2015) http://portal.te.gob.mx/ingles
(B)

Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation

http://www.scjn.gob.mx
(24/09/2011)

Moldova, Republic of

Constitutional Court

http://www.constcourt.md
(24/09/2011)

Monaco

Supreme Court

http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Les-Institutions/La-Justice/Le-Tribunal-Supreme
(03/12/2016)

Mongolia

Constitutional Court

https://www.conscourt.gov.mn/?lang=en
(24/09/2011)

Montenegro

Constitutional Court

http://www.ustavnisud.me
(01/12/2011)

Morocco

Constitutional Court

http://www.cour-constitutionnelle.ma
(24/09/2011)

Mozambique

Constitutional Council

http://www.cconstitucional.org.mz
(24/09/2011)

Myanmar

Constitutional Tribunal of the Union of Myanmar

http://www.myanmarconstitutionaltribunal.org.mm/en

Namibia

Supreme Court

http://www.ejustice.moj.na
(22/11/2016)

Netherlands

Supreme Court

https://www.hogeraad.nl/english/
(06/11/2013)

Council of State

http://www.raadvanstate.nl
(24/09/2011)

New Zealand

High Court

http://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/about/supreme/history.html

Nicaragua

Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court

http://www.poderjudicial.gob.ni/scons1/default.asp
(24/07/2013)

Niger

Constitutional Court

http://www.cour-constitutionnelle-niger.org/
(24/09/2011)

Nigeria

Supreme Court

http://supremecourt.gov.ng/

North Macedonia

Constitutional Court

http://ustavensud.mk/?page_id=5267&lang=en
(18/11/2011) http://www.ustavensud.mk
(B)

Norway

Supreme Court

http://www.hoyesterett.no
(24/09/2011)

Organisation of American States

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

http://www.corteidh.or.cr/index.php/en

Pakistan

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/
(02/06/2013)

Palestine* This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of Council of Europe member States on this issue.

Supreme Constitutional Court

http://tscc.pna.ps/ar/#
(01/12/2018)

Panama

Supreme Court of Justice

http://www.organojudicial.gob.pa/tribunales/corte-suprema-de-justicia/
(23/09/2017)

Papua New Guinea

Supreme Court

http://www.pngjudiciary.gov.pg/

Paraguay

Supreme Court

http://www.pj.gov.py/

Peru

Constitutional Court

http://www.tc.gob.pe
(24/09/2011)

Philippines

Supreme Court

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/pio/directory/

Poland

Constitutional Tribunal

http://trybunal.gov.pl/en/
(28/07/2012)

Portugal

Constitutional Court

http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt
(12/11/2011)

Puerto Rico

Supreme Court

https://poderjudicial.pr/tribunal-supremo/

Romania

Constitutional Court

https://www.ccr.ro/en
(01/01/2012)

Russia

Constitutional Court

http://www.ksrf.ru/en/
(12/07/2013)

Rwanda

Supreme Court

http://www.judiciary.gov.rw/home/

Saint Lucia

Eastern Carribean Supreme Court

https://www.eccourts.org/

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court

https://www.eccourts.org/

Samoa

Supreme Court

http://www.mjca.gov.ws/
(06/07/2013)

San Marino

Collegio Garante della Costituzionalità delle norme

http://www.collegiogarante.sm/on-line/home.html

São Tomé and Príncipe

Constitutional Court

http://www.stj.st/stj/index.html
(29/09/2014)

Senegal

Constitutional Council

https://www.sec.gouv.sn/institutions/le-pouvoir-judiciaire
(11/11/2011)

Serbia

Constitutional Court

http://www.ustavni.sud.rs/page/view/en-GB/230-100210/republlic-of-serbia
(21/10/2011)

Seychelles

Supreme Court

https://sites.google.com/site/theseychelleslegalenvironment/judiciary/the-supreme-court-of-seychelles
(01/10/2013)

Sierra Leone

Supreme Court

https://www.judiciary.gov.sl/

Singapore

Supreme Court

http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=1

Slovakia

Constitutional Court

http://www.ustavnysud.sk
(28/09/2011)

Slovenia

Constitutional Court

http://www.us-rs.si/en/
(25/10/2012)

South Africa

Constitutional Court

http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za
(27/03/2013)

Spain

Constitutional Court

http://www.tribunalconstitucional.es
(24/09/2011)

Sri Lanka

Supreme Court

http://www.supremecourt.lk/

St Kitts and Nevis

High Court of Justice

https://www.eccourts.org/

Sweden

Supreme Court

https://www.domstol.se/en/supreme-court
(28/09/2021)

Supreme Administrative Court

https://www.domstol.se/en/supreme-administrative-court/
(01/01/2012)

Switzerland

Federal Court

http://www.bger.ch
(21/10/2011)

Taiwan/"Chinese Taipei"

Taiwan Constitutional Court

https://cons.judicial.gov.tw/en

Tajikistan

Constitutional Court

http://www.constcourt.tj/eng/
(24/09/2011)

Tanzania

Appeal Court

http://www.judiciary.go.tz/
(21/09/2013)

Supreme Court of Zanzibar

http://www.judiciary.go.tz/

Thailand

Constitutional Court

http://www.constitutionalcourt.or.th/english/
(25/02/2012)

Togo

Constitutional Court

http://www.courconstitutionnelle.tg/
(24/09/2011)

Trinidad and Tobago

Supreme Court

http://www.ttlawcourts.org/index.php/supreme-court-27/overview

Türkiye

Constitutional Court

https://www.anayasa.gov.tr/en/home-page/
(28/03/2013)

Uganda

Supreme Court

http://www.judiciary.go.ug/
(26/04/2013)

Ukraine

Constitutional Court

http://www.ccu.gov.ua/en
(01/01/2012)

United Kingdom

Supreme Court

https://www.supremecourt.uk/index.html

United States of America

Supreme Court

https://www.supremecourt.gov/

Uruguay

Supreme Court of Justice

http://www.poderjudicial.gub.uy/

Uzbekistan

Constitutional Court

http://www.ksu.uz
(06/02/2013)

Venezuela

Supreme Court of Justice

http://www.tsj.gov.ve/index.shtml

Zambia

Supreme Court

http://www.judiciary.gov.zm/
(05/12/2013)

Constitutional Court

http://www.judiciaryzambia.com